Managing Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: Insights and Support from Physiotherapy
Freezing of gait is a common and frustrating symptom for many people living with Parkinson’s disease. It often feels as though your feet are “stuck to the floor” and can make moving around more difficult, increase the risk of falls, and impact confidence. Understanding why freezing happens, and how physiotherapy can help, can make a big difference.
What Is Freezing of Gait?
Freezing of gait is when someone briefly feels unable to take a step, even though they intend to move. It can last just a few seconds or longer and often occurs:
When starting to walk
When turning
In narrow spaces (like doorways)
When approaching obstacles
Under stress or in a hurry
Although the legs feel “stuck,” the sensation usually passes, allowing walking to resume.
Why Does Freezing Happen?
Freezing is linked to changes in the brain caused by Parkinson’s disease. The basal ganglia (the part of the brain that controls movement) has difficulty sending smooth, coordinated signals to the muscles. This can cause interruptions in the rhythm of walking, particularly in situations that require quick adjustments or extra focus. Certain triggers can make freezing more likely, such as:
Crowded or tight spaces
Sudden changes in walking speed
Divided attention (walking while talking or thinking)
Fatigue or stress
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapists use strategies to help manage freezing episodes and improve walking confidence. These may include:
Cueing techniques
Visual cues: stepping over lines on the floor or laser lights on a walking aid
Auditory cues: walking to the beat of music or a metronome
Verbal cues: self-talk such as “big steps” or “step through”
Practice with movement strategies
Breaking movements into smaller, manageable steps
Learning alternative starting strategies (e.g., rocking side-to-side before stepping)
Strength and balance training
Improving muscle control and stability to reduce fall risk
Education for safety
Planning routes and movements to reduce known freezing triggers
Advice on walking aids that may help
Freezing of gait can be frustrating, but with the right strategies, it’s possible to reduce its impact. Physiotherapy can help you move more safely, maintain independence, and feel more confident in daily life.
If you or someone you know is living with Parkinson’s and experiencing freezing of gait, speak to your physiotherapist. A tailored program with strategies and practice can make a real difference in day-to-day mobility.